Emerging research indicates that the meningococcal group B vaccine, commonly known as 4CMenB or Bexsero, may offer partial protection against gonorrhea, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection. This development presents a promising avenue for dual-purpose vaccination strategies aimed at curbing the spread of both meningitis B and gonorrhea.
A study published in JAMA Network Open examined the incidence of gonorrhea among recipients of the 4CMenB vaccine at two universities in Oregon. The findings revealed a 47% reduction in gonorrhea cases among vaccinated individuals aged 18 to 29 compared to those who received a non-OMV-based meningococcal vaccine. Notably, the effectiveness was even higher (59%) among the 18 to 19 age group .
The potential cross-protection is attributed to the genetic similarities between Neisseria meningitidis, the bacterium responsible for meningitis B, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea. Both pathogens share approximately 80–90% of their genetic makeup, including outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that are targeted by the 4CMenB vaccine .
Further supporting evidence comes from a matched cohort study conducted in Southern California, which found that recipients of the 4CMenB vaccine had a 46% lower incidence of gonorrhea compared to those who received a non-OMV-containing meningococcal vaccine . These findings align with earlier research from New Zealand, where the MeNZB vaccine, an OMV-based meningococcal vaccine, was associated with a 31% reduction in gonorrhea cases .
In response to these findings, public health officials are exploring the implications for immunization programs, particularly among populations at higher risk for gonorrhea. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) announced plans to offer the 4CMenB vaccine to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) starting in August 2025. This initiative aims to reduce the rising number of gonorrhea cases and combat antibiotic-resistant strains of the infection .
While the 4CMenB vaccine does not provide complete protection against gonorrhea, its partial effectiveness could significantly impact public health by reducing the prevalence of the infection and slowing the spread of resistant strains. Ongoing studies, including those sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), are evaluating the vaccine’s efficacy in diverse populations and settings .
The potential dual benefit of the 4CMenB vaccine underscores the importance of continued research and investment in vaccine development. As antibiotic resistance continues to challenge the treatment of gonorrhea, vaccines offering even partial protection could play a crucial role in controlling the spread of this infection.
