In the past few years, berberine has become increasingly popular—and many users claim it has weight loss benefits. Berberine is a compound found in various plants, including European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree turmeric. It is often sold as an herbal dietary supplement.
Some research suggests that berberine may help support certain health conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol (especially in combination with lifestyle changes). However, more research is necessary to fully understand its long-term effects and safety.
1. May Support Weight Loss
A 2020 review and analysis of studies found berberine to “moderately but significantly” decrease weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and C-reactive protein (a marker of inflammation in the body).
Some people call berberine “nature’s Ozempic” due to its purported weight loss effects. However, berberine does not work like semaglutide (Ozempic’s active ingredient) and is not an equivalent of the medication.
Experts at Ohio State University note that the studies do not confirm that berberine is effective. Additionally, lifestyle changes—such as diet and exercise—are necessary in combination with berberine for any potential benefits.
Similarly, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) states that while some research suggests a possible benefit, many studies have limitations, including bias and inconsistent results. The NCCIH emphasizes that more high-quality research is necessary to fully understand berberine’s effects on weight loss.
2. Can Help Control Blood Sugar
A 2022 review examined the results of 37 studies involving over 3,000 people. The results showed that berberine lowered blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes, which is notably related to fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1C (a measure of blood sugar control over three months). These benefits were noted without causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
Researchers suggest that berberine has the potential to help people control type 2 diabetes, but there are some limitations to its use. For example, the body may not absorb it well, and some forms of berberine have a high level of toxicity.
3. Has Cholesterol-Lowering Effects
In an older but widely referenced study, researchers reported that berberine reduced total cholesterol by 29%, triglycerides by 35%, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (also known as “bad” cholesterol) by 25%.
A 2017 review of studies looked at berberine for high cholesterol. Although its researchers noted that the review had limitations, most studies found berberine to decrease LDL levels and triglycerides.
Additionally, a review of 44 studies involving over 4,000 people showed no difference between berberine alone and statins in improving cholesterol levels. Berberine plus statins also had beneficial effects.
Researchers suggest that berberine could be a potential add-on treatment or alternative for certain people, such as those who cannot take statins, such as Lipitor (atorvastatin).
4. May Help Improve Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a common hormonal disorder associated with various health problems, such as infertility, obesity, and acne, and may lead to diabetes and heart disease. People with PCOS also often have insulin resistance (when the body doesn’t respond normally to insulin, which can lead to high blood sugar).
A 2018 review of studies suggested that berberine may be a promising remedy for insulin resistance associated with PCOS, but further studies are necessary.
A 2023 study noted “encouraging evidence of the superior effect” of berberine in helping various measures of PCOS, including improved blood sugar levels, lowered insulin resistance, and improved ovulation and birth rates.
5. Helps Lower Blood Pressure
Some research has found that taking berberine in combination with a medication that treats hypertension (high blood pressure) lowers blood pressure more than the prescription drug alone.
Also, combining berberine with lifestyle changes was more effective in lowering blood pressure than lifestyle changes alone. These studies used a dose of 0.9 grams (g) to 1.2 g of berberine per day.
A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies showed that berberine significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (the first number of a blood pressure reading) compared to a placebo. However, some studies suggest limited evidence to support the use of berberine in blood pressure control.
6. May Improve Gut Health
The gut microbiota is a mix of microorganisms (tiny living things, including bacteria) that play a role in many body functions, such as the immune system and metabolism. Maintaining a stable gut microbiota is important to health. When the balance of gut bacteria is disrupted, it can lead to inflammatory conditions and infections.
Berberine’s effects on many conditions are thought to be related to its effects on gut health. Research has found that berberine may improve unhealthy gut microbiota.
A review of studies found that berberine can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota, and gut microbiota can regulate how the body absorbs and uses berberine, with effects that vary based on the dose. However, the researchers noted that more studies are necessary to fully understand how berberine is absorbed and how it affects the body.
7. Can Support Liver Health
Research has shown that berberine can protect the liver. Studies found that berberine affects how certain genes in the liver control blood sugar and fat metabolism.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is often linked with other conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and chronic liver disease.
A 2024 analysis of studies found that berberine is effective in improving liver enzymes, cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity (how effectively the body responds to insulin), prompting the researchers to suggest that berberine may be a promising add-on treatment for MASLD.
8. May Have Anticancer Effects
Berberine may help fight certain types of cancer by neutralizing harmful molecules in the body, causing cancer cells to die, stopping cancer cells from growing and dividing, reducing inflammation, and preventing the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors.
Berberine may work better when combined with cancer drugs or other complementary and alternative therapies, making them more effective in fighting cancer.
A review of studies found that berberine may play a role in fighting various types of cancer, such as prostate, bladder, liver, pancreatic, and lung cancer, among others. However, as in other studies, the researchers noted that there are issues with how well the body absorbs berberine. Research is ongoing to find ways to improve its absorption.
Berberine is not a substitute for the treatment prescribed by your healthcare provider. In some cases, if your healthcare provider approves, berberine may help along with other treatments and lifestyle changes. However, it should never replace your recommended treatment plan.
Side Effects and Precautions
The most common berberine side effects include:
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Gas
- Upset stomach
- Appetite loss
- Rash
Berberine is not safe for everyone. Before taking berberine, check with your healthcare provider and discuss the use of berberine in the context of any other medical conditions you have or other dietary supplements or medications you’re taking. This includes prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Your provider can advise you of any potential interactions.
Do not take berberine with the drug cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant). The combination can increase the effects of the medication on the body, including side effects. You should also not take berberine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, and you should not give berberine to infants or children.
How to Use Berberine
Various forms of berberine supplements are available, including pills or drops that you take by mouth. If they’ve given you the green light to try berberine, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for a product recommendation.
Follow the directions for use on the bottle. The suggested dose is typically 0.4 g to 1.5 g daily. Do not take more than directed.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate dietary supplements the way it regulates prescription medications. As a result, some supplement products may not contain the ingredients listed on the label.
When choosing a supplement, look for products independently tested or certified by organizations such as NSF, U.S. Pharmacopeia, or ConsumerLab.com. For personalized guidance, consult your healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
Summary
Berberine, a compound found in various plants, is a popular dietary supplement for treating conditions like type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and overweight. Though it may offer benefits for some people, it’s important to use berberine only under the guidance of a healthcare provider. This is because it may not be safe for everyone and can interact with certain medications.
Berberine is not a substitute for prescribed medications or treatments recommended by your healthcare provider. In many cases, it works best when combined with lifestyle changes and/or prescription medications, so you should consult with a healthcare provider for more information and personalized medical advice for your condition.
Understanding Berberine: Health Benefits, Uses, and Precautions
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What is Berberine?
Berberine is a bioactive compound extracted from various plants, including European barberry, goldenseal, and Oregon grape. It is commonly marketed as an herbal dietary supplement and has gained popularity for its purported health benefits.
Potential Health Benefits of Berberine
Research into berberine has unveiled several potential health benefits, particularly in relation to metabolic disorders and other serious health conditions:
1. May Aid Weight Management
A 2020 systematic review highlights that berberine can lead to significant reductions in weight and body mass index (BMI), potentially helping manage obesity when combined with lifestyle modifications.
2. Blood Sugar Regulation
A comprehensive review from 2022 indicated that berberine notably decreases fasting blood sugar levels and improves hemoglobin A1C among individuals with type 2 diabetes without the risk of inducing hypoglycemia.
3. Cholesterol Reduction
In an influential study, participants experienced a substantial decrease in both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, suggesting berberine’s role as an adjunctive treatment for patients with elevated cholesterol levels.
4. Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Research suggests that berberine may alleviate insulin resistance linked to PCOS, potentially improving reproductive health and metabolic balance.
5. Blood Pressure Support
Various studies have found that utilizing berberine alongside antihypertensive medications can enhance the reduction of blood pressure compared to medication alone.
6. Gut Health Improvement
Berberine is thought to positively influence gut microbiota composition, which could contribute to its wide range of health benefits, including effects on metabolism and inflammation.
7. Liver Health Support
Emerging studies suggest that berberine may protect liver function, especially in conditions like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), by affecting blood sugar regulation and cholesterol levels.
8. Anticancer Properties
Preliminary findings indicate that berberine may possess anticancer effects, potentially inhibiting tumor growth and promoting cancer cell apoptosis, though more research is required to confirm these findings.
Considerations and Precautions
Although berberine shows promise, it is crucial to approach its use with caution. Potential side effects can include:
- Gastrointestinal discomfort (diarrhea or constipation)
- Flatulence
- Loss of appetite
- Rashes
Individuals considering berberine should consult a healthcare provider, especially if they are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications to avoid adverse interactions, particularly with immunosuppressant drugs like cyclosporine.
Recommended Usage
Berberine supplements typically come in capsule or liquid form. A common dosage ranges from 0.4 to 1.5 g per day, but users should adhere strictly to product guidelines and consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
As with all supplements, quality is essential. Seek products that have been third-party tested for purity and accurate labeling.
Conclusion
Berberine stands out as a compound of interest for its diverse health benefits, particularly in managing conditions like type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol. However, it should not replace prescribed medical treatments. Consulting with a healthcare provider is paramount for tailored advice and safe incorporation into a health plan.
